Before you can troubleshoot a pH system, it helps to have a basic understanding of the system and the
   signal processing chain.

mV
The pH electrode starts the measuring process by generating an electrochemical voltage (mV) that is proportional to the pH value of the fluid.

Ohms (Ω)
An internal temperature element (TC) either a Pt1000 or 3K balco produces a resistance signal (OHM) that is directly proportional to the fluid temperature.

mV
The preamplifier conditions and passes the mV value on to the instrument.

Ohms (Ω)
The TC resistance is conditioned as it passes through the preamplier and is sent directly to the instrument.

mV
The instrument displays the conditioned mV value on the instrument.

Ohms (Ω)
The conditioned TC resistance is passed to the instrument to enable the display of the fluid temperature.