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Tech-Tip Reference # : TT_25_Derived_Measurements Date Posted :
11/13/2006
 

Derived Measurements
Derived Measurement * Products Featuring This Capability
Mathematical Calculation
Delta Difference
  • 8350-3 Delta: "Temp 1 - Temp 2 "
  • 8450-3 Delta: "Pressure 1 - Pressure 2"
  • 8550-3 Delta: "Flow 1 - Flow 2"
  • 8860 Difference: "C1 - C2" or "C2 - C1"
  • 8900 Difference: Any two similar sources can be assigned to the function via the OPTIONS menu.
a-b = DIFFERENCE (DELTA)
Sum
  • 8900: Any two similar sources can be assigned to the function via the OPTIONS menu.
a + b = SUM
Ratio
  • 8860 Ratio: "C1:C2" or "C2:C1"
  • 8900: Any two similar sources can be assigned to the function via the OPTIONS menu.
 a ÷ b = RATIO

% Reject
% Passage

8860 and 8900
% Passage and % Reject are Ratio calculations of two conductivity measurements, specifically for use in reverse osmosis systems.

  • % Passage is the amount of salts remaining in the product water compared to the level of salts in the feed water. For example, if the feed water measures 100 µS and the product water measures 5 µS, the % Passage is (5 ÷ 10) x 100, or 5%.
  • % Reject is the amount of salts rejected to the concentrate water compared to the amount of salts in the feed water. For example, if the % Passage is 5%, the % Reject is 95%.
  • Decreasing Reject values and increasing Passage values usually indicate that the RO membrane requires maintenance.

% Passage =
(Permeate ÷ Feed) x 100

% Reject =
[1 - (Permeate ÷ Feed)] x 100

% Recovery

8900

  • % Recovery is used in Reverse Osmosis systems to monitor the ratio of the flow rate in the permeate line relative to the flow rate in the feed water line.
  • To measure % Recovery, the 8900 must have two flow sensors connected. They may be located in the feed line, the concentrate line, or the permeate line. The 8900 provides three different methods for calculating Recovery to accommodate any configuration.
  • Both flow sensors must use the same time base and units of measure.

% Recovery A =
(Permeate ÷ Feed) x 100

% Recovery B =
Permeate ÷ (Permeate + Concentrate ) x 100

% Recovery C =
[(Feed - Concentrate) ÷ Feed] x 100


* These derived measurements can be used for monitoring as well as for Relay and Current Output Sources.
  Related Product(s)
 

    8350 ProcessPro® Temperature Transmitter
    8450 ProcessPro® Pressure Transmitter
    8550 ProcessPro® Flow Transmitter
    8860 ProcessPro® Conductivity/Resistivity Controller
    8900 ProcessPro® Multi-Parameter Controller
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